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Parts of Medicare

There are four parts of Medicare. In general:

Part A is inpatient hospital coverage
Part B is outpatient medical coverage
Part C is an alternative benefit form to Original Medicare that offers extra benefits
Part D is prescription drug coverage

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Medicare Part A

Medicare Part A covers:

Inpatient hospital care: This includes all care you receive after being admitted into a hospital by a physician. Medicare covers up to 90 days each benefit period in a general hospital. In addition, you receive 60 lifetime reserve days. It also covers up to 190 lifetime days in a Medicare-certified psychiatric hospital.
Skilled nursing facility care: Medicare covers your room, board, and certain services provided in a skilled nursing facility. This includes medications, tube feedings, and wound care. It covers up to 100 days each benefit period. To qualify, you must have spent at least three consecutive days in the hospital within 30 days of admission to a skilled nursing facility and must have needed skilled nursing or therapy services.
Home health care: Though it is normally covered by Part B, Part A coverage will kick in if you have spent at least three consecutive days as a hospital inpatient within 14 days of receiving home care. Up to 100 days of daily care are covered or an unlimited amount of intermittent care.
Hospice care: Hospice care is covered for as long as your provider certifies it is necessary.

Medicare Part B

Medicare Part B covers:

Provider services: Services deemed medically necessary are covered under Part B.
Durable medical equipment: Equipment that serves a medical purpose, able to withstand repeated use, and appropriate for home use, is covered.
Home health services: If you are homebound and need skilled nursing or therapy care, you’re covered under Part B.
Ambulance services: Emergency transportation by ambulance. Limited coverage for non-emergency transportation is available in which there is no safe alternative as long as it is medically necessary.
Preventative services: Outpatient physical, speech, and occupational therapy services are covered as long as they are administered by a Medicare-certified therapist.
X-rays and lab tests: All doctor ordered x-rays and lab tests are covered.
Chiropractic care: Only when medically necessary to fix subluxation of the spine.
Certain prescription drugs: Certain drugs such as immunosuppressants, select anti-cancer, select antiemetic, select dialysis, and other typical drugs administered by a physician.

Medicare Part C

Medicare Part C, also known as Medicare Advantage, is a private health plan provided by insurance companies contracted with the federal government.

You will still be enrolled in Original Medicare (Part A and B), however Medicare Advantage plans may offer certain benefits that Original Medicare doesn’t cover, such as:

Dental coverage
Vision coverage
Caregiver Counseling and Training
Housekeeping
Prescription Drug Coverage

Medicare Part D

Part D is prescription drug coverage. This covers most outpatient prescription drugs.

Part D is offered through private insurance companies as either a stand-alone plan or as a set of benefits included with a Medicare Advantage Plan.

Each Part D plan has a list of covered drugs called a formulary. If the drug you need is not on the formulary, you are allowed to request an exception, pay out of pocket, or file an appeal.

These formularies differ from plan to plan so be sure to request a copy. However, each plan must cover all drugs in the following categories:

HIV/AIDS treatment
Antidepressants
Antipsychotic medications
Anticonvulsive treatments for seizure disorders
Immunosuppressants
Anti-cancer drugs (unless they are being covered under Part B)

Most vaccines are also covered under Part D unless they are already covered under Part B.

Medicare Part D has four phases of coverage:

Deductible, Initial Coverage Phase, Coverage Gap or Donut Hole, and the Catastrophic Phase.

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